This booklet was published by the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine in 1995 and remains an essential source for current information on many aspects of scientific conduct. It contains sections on the social foundations of science, values in science, conflicts of interest, publications and openness, authorship practices, misconduct in science, and an appendix with interesting discussions of case studies on the above topics. It was designed to be used in a variety of settings including classes on: research ethics, research methods, history, sociology, philosophy of science, and seminars on research practices, meetings to develop ethics guidelines, and journal clubs.