Located on the Ariege River in the south of France, the town of Pamiers is an important part of the attractive rural setting in these parts. Some may find it surprising that the town was where a key text in the history of mathematics was written almost 600 years ago. This wonderful feature from the Mathematical Association of America's "Loci" feature describes the Pamiers Manuscript and its importance within the world of mathematics. Authored by Randy K. Schwartz of Schoolcraft College, this feature is divided into 15 parts, including Barter Transactions, Prices and Purchases, and First Shoots of Capitalism. Some of the highlights here include a narrative history of the manuscript (which was intended to teach young men commercial arithmetic) and a discussion of its novel use of negative numbers.