This 133-page report from the US Census Bureau focuses on experimental measures, as opposed to standardized measures, of poverty in the US such as an after-tax income measure; the value of food stamps, housing vouchers, and other in-kind benefits; and government policies aimed at needy families. The study found that including in-kind benefits greatly decreased the instances of poverty and that "deducting taxes from income on balance reduces the percentage of people who are viewed as being poor."